How An Electric Water Heater Works

 




Cold water enters the  electric hot water cylinder through an inlet pipe, usually located at the bottom of the unit. Inside the tank are one or more electric heating elements made of a high resistance metal such as copper or stainless steel. When the water heater is powered on, electricity flows through these heating elements, causing them to heat up rapidly.

As the heating elements get hot, they transfer thermal energy to the surrounding water inside the inner tank, causing it to get hot too. The now heated water becomes less dense than the cold water entering the bottom of the tank, so it naturally rises to the top while cooler water falls to the bottom to be heated. This natural thermal convection causes continuous water flow and helps transfer heat effectively.

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